Of the 37 picks on Day 1 of the 2020 MLB Draft, 24 were from the college ranks.
The first seven picks were all college players.
There were nine players selected from the SEC, seven from the ACC, four from the Pac-12, two from the Big 12, one from the Big Ten and one from the WAC.
Arizona State, Louisville and Mississippi State each had two players picked.
| Rd. | Pick | Team | Player | School | Pos. |
| 1 | 1 | Detroit | Spencer Torkelson | Arizona State | 3B |
| 1 | 2 | Baltimore | Heston Kjerstad | Arkansas | OF |
| 1 | 3 | Miami | Max Meyer | Minnesota | RHP |
| 1 | 4 | Kansas City | Asa Lacy | Texas A&M | LHP |
| 1 | 5 | Toronto | Austin Martin | Vanderbilt | SS |
| 1 | 6 | Seattle | Emerson Hancock | Georgia | RHP |
| 1 | 7 | Pittsburgh | Nick Gonzales | New Mexico State | SS |
| 1 | 10 | LA Angels | Reid Detmers | Louisville | LHP |
| 1 | 11 | Chicago WS | Garrett Crochet | Tennessee | LHP |
| 1 | 13 | San Francisco | Patrick Bailey | NC State | C |
| 1 | 14 | Texas | Justin Foscue | Mississippi State | 2B |
| 1 | 18 | Arizona | Bryce Jarvis | Duke | RHP |
| 1 | 20 | Milwaukee | Garrett Mitchell | UCLA | OF |
| 1 | 22 | Washington | Cade Cavalli | Oklahoma | RHP |
| 1 | 25 | Atlanta | Jared Shuster | Wake Forest | LHP |
| 1 | 27 | Minnesota | Aaron Sabato | North Carolina | 1B |
| 1 | 28 | NY Yankees | Austin Wells | Arizona | C |
| 1 | 29 | LA Dodgers | Bobby Miller | Louisville | RHP |
| CBA | 30 | Baltimore | Jordan Westburg | Mississippi State | SS |
| CBA | 31 | Pittsburgh | Carmen Mlodzinski | South Carolina | RHP |
| CBA | 32 | Kansas City | Nick Loftin | Baylor | SS |
| CBA | 33 | Arizona | Slade Cecconi | Miami | RHP |
| CBA | 36 | Cleveland | Tanner Burns | Auburn | RHP |
| CBA | 37 | Tampa Bay | Alika Williams | Arizona State | SS |