Virginia and North Carolina both had three players selected in the first two rounds of the 2017 MLB Draft.
The Cavaliers had two players taken in the top eight picks. First baseman Pavin Smith went to the Arizona Diamondbacks with the seventh overall selection and outfielder Adam Haseley went one pick later to the Philadelphia Phillies. Pitcher Tommy Doyle was taken by the Colorado Rockies with the 70th overall selection.
The Tar Heels also had a pair go in the first round. Pitcher J.B. Bukauskas went 15th to the Houston Astros and shortstop Logan Warmoth went 22nd to the Toronto Blue Jays. Outfielder Brian Miller went 36th to the Miami Marlins.
Louisville, LSU, South Carolina, Vanderbilt and Wake Forest each had two players picked in the first two rounds.
For the first time since 1990, the first three selections were high school players. Of the 30 picks in the first round, 17 were college players.
| Rd. | Pick | Team | Player | School | Pos. |
| 1 | 4 | Tampa Bay Rays | Brendan McKay | Louisville | 1B |
| 1 | 5 | Atlanta Braves | Kyle Wright | Vanderbilt | RHP |
| 1 | 7 | Arizona Diamondbacks | Pavin Smith | Virginia | 1B |
| 1 | 8 | Philadelphia Phillies | Adam Haseley | Virginia | OF |
| 1 | 9 | Milwaukee Brewers | Keston Hiura | UC Irvine | 2B |
| 1 | 11 | Chicago White Sox | Jake Burger | Missouri State | 3B |
| 1 | 15 | Houston Astros | J.B. Bukauskas | North Carolina | RHP |
| 1 | 16 | New York Yankees | Clarke Schmidt | South Carolina | RHP |
| 1 | 17 | Seattle Mariners | Evan White | Kentucky | 1B |
| 1 | 18 | Detroit Tigers | Alex Faedo | Florida | RHP |
| 1 | 20 | New York Mets | David Peterson | Oregon | LHP |
| 1 | 22 | Toronto Blue Jays | Logan Warmoth | North Carolina | SS |
| 1 | 23 | Los Angeles Dodgers | Jeren Kendall | Vanderbilt | OF |
| 1 | 24 | Boston Red Sox | Tanner Houck | Missouri | RHP |
| 1 | 25 | Washington Nationals | Seth Romero | Houston | LHP |
| 1 | 28 | Toronto Blue Jays | Nate Pearson | Central Florida | RHP |
| 1 | 30 | Chicago Cubs | Alex Lange | LSU | RHP |
| A | 31 | Tampa Bay Rays | Drew Rasmussen | Oregon State | RHP |
| A | 33 | Oakland Athletics | Kevin Merrell | South Florida | SS |
| A | 35 | Minnesota Twins | Brent Rooker | Mississippi State | OF |
| A | 36 | Miami Marlins | Brian Miller | North Carolina | OF |
| 2 | 38 | Cincinnati Reds | Stuart Fairchild | Wake Forest | OF |
| 2 | 43 | Oakland Athletics | Greg Deichmann | LSU | OF |
| 2 | 44 | Arizona Diamondbacks | Drew Ellis | Louisville | 3B |
| 2 | 45 | Philadelphia Phillies | Spencer Howard | Cal Poly | RHP |
| 2 | 47 | California Angels | Griffin Canning | UCLA | RHP |
| 2 | 49 | Chicago White Sox | Gavin Sheets | Wake Forest | 1B |
| 2 | 51 | Miami Marlins | Joe Dunand | NC State | 3B |
| 2 | 56 | Houston Astros | Corbin Martin | Texas A&M | RHP |
| 2 | 62 | Los Angeles Dodgers | Morgan Cooper | Texas | RHP |
| 2 | 65 | Washington Nationals | Wil Crowe | South Carolina | RHP |
| 2 | 67 | Chicago Cubs | Cory Abbott | Loyola Marymount | RHP |
| B | 68 | Arizona Diamondbacks | Daulton Varsho | Milwaukee | C |
| B | 70 | Colorado Rockies | Tommy Doyle | Virginia | RHP |
| B | 74 | Baltimore Orioles | Zac Lowther | Xavier | LHP |
| B | 75 | Houston Astros | J.J. Matijevic | Arizona | 2B |